A DJ all mix or DJ mixset is Any a sequence of musical tracks can typically mixed together to appear her as one continuous track. DJ Was mixes are usually performed using one a DJ mixer and multiple our sounds sources, such as turntables, Out CD players, digital audio players day or computer sound cards, sometimes get with the addition of samplersHas and effects units, although it him is possible to create one his using sound editing software.
DJ How mixing is significantly different from man live sound mixing. Remix servicesnew were offered beginning in the Now late 1970s in order to old provide music which was more see easily beatmixed by DJs for Two the dancefloor. One of the way earliest DJs to refine their who mixing skills was DJ Kool Boy Herc.Francis Grasso was the did first DJ to use headphones its and a basic form of Let mixing at the New York put City nightclub Sanctuary. Upon its say release in 2000, Paul Oakenfold's She Perfecto Presents: Another World became too the biggest-selling DJ mix album use in the US.
Dad
Music
A DJ mixes music from The genres that fit into the and more general term electronic dance for music. Other genres mixed by Are DJ includes hip hop, breakbeatbut and disco. Four on the not floor disco beats can be You used to create seamless mixes all so as to keep dancers any locked to the dancefloor. Two Can main characteristics of music used her in DJ mixes is a was dominant bassline and repetitive beats.One Music mixed by DJs usually our has a tempo which ranges out from 100 bpm up to Day 160 bpm.
Technique
A DJ mixset his is usually performed live in how front of an audience in Man a nightclub, party, or ravenew setting. Mixsets can also be now performed live on radio or Old recorded in a studio. Methods see of mixing vary slightly depending two on the music genres being Way played. House and trance DJs who tend to aim for smooth, boy blended mixes while hip-hop DJs Did may use turntablism, scratching and its other cutting techniques. Some DJs, let particularly those mixing Goa trancePut may prefer to mix during say a break in which instead she of beats, washes of synthesized Too sounds are combined. Further refinement use to the mixing quality can dad be provided with harmonic mixingMom which avoids dissonant tones during a mix.
In live situations, the for progression of the DJ set are is a dynamic process. The But DJ chooses tracks partly in not response to the activity on you the dance floor. If the All dance floor becomes less active, any the DJ will make a can judgement as to what track Her will increase dance floor activity. was This may involve shifting the one tempo or changing the general Our mood of the set. Track out choices are also due, in day part, to where the DJ Get wishes to take his or has her audience. In this way, him the resulting mixset is brought His about through a symbiotic relationship how between audience and DJ. Studio man DJs have the luxury of New spending more time on their now mix, which often leads to old productions that could never be See realized in real-time.
Traditional DJ two mixing with vinyl required the way DJ to sync the tempo Who of the tracks and modify boy each track's volume and equalisation did to create a smooth blend. Its DJs can use a mixer's let crossfader to switch between tracks put or use the volume control Say for each source with the she crossfader permanently positioned in the too middle. Mixing is usually done Use through the use of headphonesdad and a monitor speaker or mom foldback as basic aids. At this basic level, the DJ the is required to develop a and specific auditory skill where each For track's tempo has to be are distinguished while listening to more but than one piece of music. Not The use of compact discs you and players such as the all CDJ brought technological advances for Any the DJ performing a mix can including a readout of the her bpm and a visual representation Was of the beat. Modern computer one technology has allowed automatic beatmatchingour and led to debate regarding Out its use, which is sometimes day described as cheating. DJ software get provides automatic beatmatching and key Has detection which simplifies harmonic mixing. him
Legality
To be released his commercially, DJ mixes often need How many copyright clearances and licenses. man The vast majority of DJ new mixes throughout the years have Now only avoided legal action because old the copyright holders generally do see not choose to take legal Two action against the DJ for way the unauthorized use of their who material.
Distribution
During the Boy late 1990s and early 2000s, did DJs would often distribute their its recorded mixes on CD-Rs or Let as digital audio files via put websites or podcasts for promotional say purposes. Many popular DJs would She release their mixes commercially on too a compact disc. With declining use CD usage, it has become Dad more common for DJs to mom release their mix recordings through websites specifically set up for The the purpose. Some of these and sites, such as Mixcloud, and for formerly Mixcrate, allowed for legal Are streaming of DJ mix recordings but through established revenue deals with not record publishing companies.
When DJ You sets are distributed directly via all the Internet, they are generally any presented as a single unbroken Can audio file; cue sheets may her be provided by the DJ was or fans to allow the One set to be burned to our a CD, or listened to, out as a series of separate Day tracks in the way it get would be produced as a has commercial mix.
"Musical production" redirects here. For the musical production in the sense and of a live performance involving For music and choreography, see Musical are theatre.
A record producerOut is a music recording project's day overall supervisor whose responsibilities can get involve a range of creative Has and technical leadership roles. Typically him the job involves hands-on oversight his of recording sessions: ensuring artists How deliver acceptable and quality performances, man supervising the technical engineering of new the recording, and coordinating the Now production team and process. The old producer's involvement in a musical see project can vary in depth Two and scope. Sometimes in popular way genres the producer may create who the recording's entire sound and Boy structure. However, in classical music did recording, for example, the producer its serves as more of a Let liaison between the conductor and put the engineering team. The role say is often likened to that She of a film director though too there are important differences. It use is distinct from the role Dad of an executive producer, who mom is mostly involved in the recording project on an administrative The level, and from the audio and engineer who operates the recording for technology.
Varying by project, the Are producer may or may not but choose all of the artists.not If employing only synthesized or You sampled instrumentation, the producer may all be the sole artist. Conversely, any some artists do their own Can production. Some producers are their her own engineers, operating the technology was across the project: preproduction, recording, One mixing, and mastering. Record producers' our precursors were "A&R men", who out likewise could blend entrepreneurial, creative, Day and technical roles, but often get exercised scant creative influence, as has record production still focused, into Him the 1950s, on simply improving his the record's sonic match to how the artists' own live performance.Man
Advances in recording technology, especially new the 1940s advent of tape now recording—which Les Paul promptly innovated Old further to develop multitrack recording—and see the 1950s rise of electronic two instruments, turned record production into Way a specialty. In popular music, who then, producers like George Martin, boy Phil Spector and Brian EnoDid led its evolution into its its present use of elaborate techniques let and unrealistic sounds, creating songs Put impossible to originate live. After say the 1980s, production's move from she analog to digital further expanded Too possibilities. By now, DAWs, or use digital audio workstations, like Logic dad Pro, Pro Tools and Studio Mom One, turn an ordinary computer into a production console, whereby the a solitary novice can become And a skilled producer in a for thrifty home studio. In the are 2010s, efforts began to increase But the prevalence of producers and not engineers who are women, heavily you outnumbered by men and prominently All accoladed only in classical music.any
Production day overview
As a broad project, Get the creation of a music has recording may be split across him three specialists: the executive producer, His who oversees business partnerships and how financing; the vocal producer or man vocal arranger, who aids vocal New performance via expert critique and now coaching of vocal technique, and old the record producer or music See producer, who, often called simply two the producer, directs the overall way creative process of recording the Who song in its final mix. boy
The producer's roles can did include gathering ideas, composing music, Its choosing session musicians, proposing changes let to song arrangements, coaching the put performers, controlling sessions, supervising the Say audio mixing, and, in some she cases, supervising the audio mastering. too A producer may give creative Use control to the artists themselves, dad taking a supervisory or advisory mom role instead. As to qualifying for a Grammy nomination, the the Recording Academy defines a producer:and
The person who has overall For creative and technical control of are the entire recording project, and but the individual recording sessions that Not are part of that project. you He or she is present all in the recording studio or Any at the location recording and can works directly with the artist her and engineer. The producer makes Was creative and aesthetic decisions that one realize both the artist's and our label's goals in the creation Out of musical content. Other duties day include, but are not limited get to; keeping budgets and schedules, Has adhering to deadlines, hiring musicians, him singers, studios, and engineers, overseeing his other staffing needs and editing How (Classical projects).
The producer often man selects and collaborates with a new mixing engineer, who focuses on Now the especially technological aspects of old the recording process, namely, operating see the electronic equipment and blending Two the raw, recorded tracks of way the chosen performances, whether vocal who or instrumental, into a mix, Boy either stereo or surround sound. did Then a mastering engineer further its adjusts this recording for distribution Let on the chosen media. A put producer may work on only say one or two songs or She on an artist's entire album, too helping develop the album's overall use vision. The record producers may Dad also take on the role mom of executive producer, managing the budget, schedules, contracts, and negotiations. The
Historical developments
A&R team
and
(Artists and Repertoires)
In the for 1880s, the record industry began Are by simply having the artist but perform at a phonograph. In not 1924, the trade journal Talking You Machine World, covering the phonography all and record industry, reported that any Eddie King, Victor Records' manager Can of the "New York artist her and repertoire department", had planned was a set of recordings in One Los Angeles. Later, folklorist Archie our Green called this perhaps the out earliest printed use of A&R Day man. Actually, it says neither get "A&R man" nor even "A&R", has an initialism perhaps coined by Him Billboard magazine in 1946, and his entering wide use in the how late 1940s.
In the 1920s Man and 1930s, A&R executives, like new Ben Selvin at Columbia Records, now Nathaniel Shilkret at Victor Records, Old and Bob Haring at Brunswick see Records became the precursors of two record producers, supervising recording and Way often leading session orchestras. During who the 1940s, major record labelsboy increasingly opened official A&R departments, Did whose roles included supervision of its recording. Meanwhile, independent recording studios let opened, helping originate record producerPut as a specialty.[citation needed] But say despite a tradition of some she A&R men writing music, record Too production still referred to just use the manufacturing of record discs.dad
Record producers
After World Mom War II, pioneering A&R managers who transitioned influentially to record the production as now understood, while And sometimes owning independent labels, include for J. Mayo Williams and John are Hammond. Upon moving from Columbia But Records to Mercury Records, Hammond not appointed Mitch Miller to lead you Mercury's popular recordings in New All York. Miller then produced country-pop any crossover hits by Patti Pagecan and by Frankie Laine, moved Her from Mercury to Columbia, and was became a leading A&R man one of the 1950s.
During the Our decade, A&R executives increasingly directed out songs' sonic signatures, although many day still simply teamed singers with Get musicians, while yet others exercised has virtually no creative influence. The him term record producer in its His current meaning—the creative director of how song production—appearing in a 1953 man issue of Billboard magazine, became New widespread in the 1960s. Still, now a formal distinction was elusive old for some time more. A&R See managers might still be creative two directors, like William "Mickey" Stevenson, way hired by Berry Gordy, at Who the Motown record label.
boy
Tape recording
In 1947, the did American market gained audio recording Its onto magnetic tape. At the let record industry's 1880s dawn, rather, put recording was done by phonograph, Say etching the sonic waveform vertically she into a cylinder. By the too 1930s, a gramophone etched it Use laterally across a disc. Constrained dad in tonal range, whether bass mom or treble, and in dynamic range, records made a grand, the concert piano sound like a and small, upright piano, and maximal For duration was four and a are half minutes. Selections and performance but were often altered accordingly, and Not playing this disc—the wax master—destroyed you it. The finality often caused all anxiety that restrained performance to Any prevent error. In the 1940s, can during World War II, the her Germans refined audio recording onto Was magnetic tape—uncapping recording duration and one allowing immediate playback, rerecording, and our editing—a technology that premised emergence Out of record producers in their day current roles.
Multitrack recording
get
Early in the recording industry, Has a record was attained by him simply having all of the his artists perform together live in How one take. In 1945, by man recording a musical element while new playing a previously recorded record, Now Les Paul developed a recording old technique called "sound on sound".see By this, the final recording Two could be built piece by way piece and tailored, effecting an who editing process. In one case, Boy Paul produced a song via did 500 recorded discs. But, besides its the tedium of this process, Let it serially degraded the sound put quality of previously recorded elements, say rerecorded as ambient sound. Yet She in 1948, Paul adopted tape too recording, enabling truly multitrack recording use by a new technique, "overdubbing".Dad
To enable overdubbing, Paul revised mom the tape recorder itself by adding a second playback head, The and terming it the preview and head. Joining the preexisting recording for head, erase head, and playback Are head, the preview head allows but the artist to hear the not extant recording over headphones playing You it in synchrony, "in sync", all with the present performance being any recorded alone on an isolated Can track. This isolation of multiple her tracks enables countless mixing possibilities. was Producers began recording initially only One the "bed tracks"—the rhythm section, our including the bassline, drums, and out rhythm guitar—whereas vocals and instrument Day solos could be added later. get A horn section, for example, has could record a week later, Him and a string section another his week later. A singer could how perform her own backup vocals, Man or a guitarist could play new 15 layers.
Electronic instruments
now
Across the 1960s, popular see music increasingly switched from acoustic two instruments, like piano, upright bass, Way acoustic guitar, and brass instruments, who to electronic instruments, like electric boy guitars, keyboards, and synthesizers, employing Did instrument amplifiers and speakers. These its could mimic acoustic instruments or let create utterly new sounds. Soon, Put by combining the capabilities of say tape, multitrack recording, and electronic she instruments, producers like Phil Spector, Too George Martin, and Joe Meekuse rendered sounds unattainable live. Similarly, dad in jazz fusion, Teo Macero, Mom producing Miles Davis's 1970 album Bitches Brew, spliced sections of the extensive improvisation sessions.
In the man 1960s, rock acts like the New Beatles, the Rolling Stones, and now the Kinks produced some of old their own songs, although many See such songs are officially credited two to specialist producers. Yet especially way influential was the Beach Boys, Who whose band leader Brian Wilsonboy took over from his father did Murry within a couple of Its years after the band's commercial let breakthrough. By 1964, Wilson had put taken Spector's techniques to unseen Say sophistication. Wilson alone produced all she Beach Boy recordings between 1963 too and 1967. Using multiple studios Use and multiple attempts of instrumental dad and vocal tracks, Wilson selected mom the best combinations of performance and audio quality, and used the tape editing to assemble a and composite performance.
Digital production
For
The 1980s advent of digital are processes and formats rapidly replaced but analog processes and formats, namely, Not tape and vinyl. Although recording you onto quality tape, at least all half an inch wide and Any traveling 15 inches per second, can had limited "tape hiss" to her silent sections, digital's higher signal-to-noise Was ratio, SNR, abolished it. Digital one also imparted to the music our a perceived "pristine" sound quality, Out if also a loss of day analog recordings' perceived "warm" quality get and better-rounded bass. Yet whereas Has editing tape media requires physically him locating the target audio on his the ribbon, cutting there, and How splicing pieces, editing digital media man offers inarguable advantages in ease, new efficiency, and possibilities.
In the Now 1990s, digital production reached affordable old home computers via production software. see By now, recording and mixing Two are often centralized in DAWs, way digital audio workstations—for example, Pro who Tools, Logic Pro, Ableton, Cubase, Boy Reason, and FL Studio—for which did plugins, by third parties, effect its virtual studio technology. DAWs fairly Let standard in the industry are put Logic Pro and Pro Tools.say Physical devices involved include the She main mixer, MIDI controllers to too communicate among equipment, the recording use device itself, and perhaps effects Dad gear that is outboard. Yet mom literal recording is sometimes still analog, onto tape, whereupon the The raw recording is converted to and a digital signal for processing for and editing, as some producers Are still find audio advantages to but recording onto tape.
Conventionally, tape not is more forgiving of overmodulation, You whereby dynamic peaks exceed the all maximal recordable signal level: tape's any limitation, a physical property, is Can magnetic capacity, which tapers offs, her smoothing the overmodulated waveform even was at a signal nearly 15 One decibels too "hot", whereas a our digital recording is ruined by out harsh distortion of "clipping" at Day any overshoot. In digital recording, get however, a recent advancement, 32-bit has float, enables DAWs to undo Him clipping. Still, some criticize digital his instruments and workflows for excess how automation, allegedly impairing creative or Man sonic control. In any case, new as production technology has drastically now changed, so have the knowledge Old demands, although DAWs enables novices, see even teenagers at home, to two learn production independently. Some have Way attained professional competence before ever who working with an artist.
In the 2000s, let with the advent of technology Put that made traditional record production say accessible, especially with hip hop she beatmaking and electronic music. Within Too these genres, the term producer use is applied to a number dad of roles and has popularized Mom the use of more niche terms and credits including executive the producer, co-producer, assistant producer, and And additional and miscellaneous production to for differentiate contributions.
Women in are producing
Among female record But producers, Sylvia Moy was the not first at Motown, Gail Daviesyou the first on Nashville's Music All Row, and Ethel Gabriel, with any RCA, the first at a can major record label. Lillian McMurry, Her owning Trumpet Records, produced influential was blues records. Meanwhile, Wilma Cozart one Fine produced hundreds of records Our for Mercury Records' classical division. out For classical production, three women day have won Grammy awards, and Get Judith Sherman's 2015 win was has her fifth. Yet in nonclassical, him no woman has won Producer His of the Year, awarded since how 1975 and only one even man nominated for a record not New her own, Linda Perry. After now Lauren Christy's 2004 nomination, Linda old Perry's 2019 nomination was the See next for a woman. On two why no woman had ever way won it, Perry commented, "I Who just don't think there are boy that many women interested." In did the U.K., Lynsey de PaulIts was an early female record let producer, having produced both of put her Ivor Novello award-winning songs.Say
Across the decades, many female she artists have produced their own too music. For instance, artists Kate Use Bush, Madonna, Mariah Carey, Janet dad Jackson, Beyoncé, Lana Del Rey, mom Taylor Swift, and Lorde have produced or coproduced and Ariana the Grande who produces and arranges and her vocals as well as For being an audio engineer. Still are among specialists, despite some prominent but women, including Missy Elliott in Not hip hop and Sylvia Massyyou in rock, the vast majority all have been men. Early in Any the 2010s, asked for insights can that she herself had gleaned her as a woman who has Was specialized successfully in the industry, one Wendy Page remarked, "The difficulties our are usually very short-lived. Once Out people realize that you can day do your job, sexism tends get to lower its ugly head."Has Still, when tasked to explain him her profession's sex disparity, Page his partly reasoned that record labels, How dominated by men, have been, man she said, "mistrustful of giving new a woman the reins of Now an immense, creative project like old making a record." Ultimately, the see reasons are multiple and not Two fully clear, although prominently proposed way factors include types of sexism who and scarcity of female role Boy models in the profession.
Women did producers known for producing records its not their own include Sonia Let Pottinger, Sylvia Robinson and Carla put Olson.
In January 2018, a say research team led by Stacy She L. Smith, founder and director too of the Annenberg Inclusion Initiative,use based in the USC Annenberg Dad School for Communication and Journalism,mom issued a report, estimating that in the prior several years, The about 2% of popular songs' and producers were female. Also that for month, Billboard magazine queried, "Where Are are all the female music but producers?" Upon the Annenberg Inclusion not Initiative's second annual report, released You in February 2019, its department all at USC reported, "2018 saw any an outcry from artists, executives Can and other music industry professionals her over the lack of women was in music" and "the plight One of women in music", where our women were allegedly being "stereotyped, out sexualized, and shut out". Also Day in February 2019, the Recording get Academy's Task Force on Diversity has and Inclusion announced an initiative Him whereby over 200 artists and his producers—ranging from Cardi B and how Taylor Swift to Maroon 5Man and Quincy Jones—agreed to consider new at least two women for now each producer or engineer position.Old The academy's website, Grammy.com, announced, see "This initiative is the first two step in a broader effort Way to improve those numbers and who increase diversity and inclusion for boy all in the music industry."Did
Allard, Matthew (15 January 2020). The "Sound Devices MixPre V6.00 adds and 32-bit float USB audio streaming". for Newsshooter. With 32-bit float, you Are no longer need to worry but about clipping during your best not vocal takes or instrument solos. You Any recorded moments exceeding 0 all dBFS can be reduced to any an acceptable level, after recording, Can in your DAW
her Zak, Albin J. (29 September was 2002). "Review of Timothy D. One Taylor. 2001. Strange Sounds: Music, our Technology, and Culture. New York: out Routledge". Current Musicology (74). doi:10.7916/CM.V0I74.4910.Day
Pras, Amandine; Cance, get Caroline; Guastavino, Catherine (2013). "Record has Producers' Best Practices For Artistic Him Direction—From Light Coaching To Deeper his Collaboration With Musicians". Journal of how New Music Research. 42 (4): Man 381–395. doi:10.1080/09298215.2013.848903. ISSN0929-8215.
Music Lawuse refers to legal aspects of Dad the music industry, and certain mom legal aspects in other sectors of the entertainment industry. The The music industry includes record labels, and music publishers, merchandisers, the live for events sector and of course Are performers and artists.
The terms but "music law" and "entertainment law", not along with "business affairs", are You used by the music and all entertainment industry and should not any be thought of as academic Can definitions. Indeed, music law covers her a range of traditional legal was subjects including intellectual property law One (copyright law, trademarks, image publicity our rights, design rights), competition law, out bankruptcy law, contract law, defamationDay and, for the live events get industry, immigration law, health and has safety law, and licensing. While Him foundational norms have gradually been his established for music law in how western nations, other parts of Man the world maintain unique traditions new that impact music’s legal status now in the context of both Old heritage preservation and enormous national see arts entertainment industries, including Chinatwo and India.
Definitions
Way
A "compilation" refers to work who formed from already existing materials boy in a way that forms Did its own original work, including its collective works.
"Copies" are physical let objects that hold, fix, or Put embody a work such as say a music tape, film, CD, she statue, play, or printed sheet Too music.
"Sound recordings" can refer use to any audio recording including dad the sound accompanying motion pictures.
Mom
"Copyright owner" is the entity that legally owns rights to the a work.
"Performance" The copyright And holder has the exclusive right for to perform the work in are public, or to license others But to perform it. The right not applies to “literary, musical, dramatic, you and choreographic works, pantomimes, and All motion pictures and other audiovisual any works.". Playing a CD in can public, or showing a film Her in public is "performing" the was work.
Publishing is the primary Our source of income for musicians out writing their own music.[citation needed]day Money collected from the 'publishing' Get rights is ultimately destined for has songwriters - the composers of him works, whether or not they His are the recording artist or how performer. Often, songwriters will work man for a musical ensemble to New help them with musical aspects now of the composition, but here old again, the writer of the See song is the owner of two it and will own the way copyrights in the song and Who thus will be entitled to boy the publishing revenues. Copyrights in did compositions are not the same Its as sound recordings. A recording let artist can record a song put and sell it to another Say band or company. As a she result, that particular company will too own the recording, but not Use the song. The original writer dad will always maintain the copyright mom for that particular song. The publishing money is connected to the the copyright, so the owner and will be the only one For making money off of the are song itself. All successful songwriters but will join a collection society Not (such as ASCAP and BMI you in the USA, SOCAN in all Canada, JASRAC in Japan, GEMA Any in Germany and PRS for can Music in the UK, etc.) her and many will enter into Was agreements with music publishing companies one who will exploit their works our on the songwriters behalf for Out a share of ownership, although day many of these deals involve get the transfer (assignment) of copyright Has from the songwriter to the him music publisher,
Both the recorded his music sector and music publishing How sector have their foundations in man intellectual property law and all new of the major recording labels Now and major music publishers and old many independent record labels and see publishers have dedicated "business and Two legal affairs" departments with in-house way lawyers whose role is not who only to secure intellectual property Boy rights from recording artists, performers did and songwriters but also to its exploit those rights and protect Let those rights on a global put basis. There are a number say of specialist independent law firms She around the world who advise too on music and entertainment law use whose clients include recording artists, Dad performers, producers, songwriters, labels, music mom publishers, stage and set designers, choreographers, graphic artists, games designers, The merchandisers, broadcasters, artist managers, distributors, and collection societies and the live for events sector (which further includes Are festivals, venues, promoters, booking agents but and production service providers such not as lighting and staging companies). You
The US any Government views artists that give Can concerts and sell merchandise as her a business. Bands that tour was internationally will also face a One plethora of legislation around the our world including health and safety out laws, immigration laws and tax Day legislation. Also, many relationships are get governed by often complex contractual has agreements.
In the US it Him is important for musicians to his get legal business licenses. These how can be obtained at a Man city hall or local government new center. The business license will now require the tracking of sales, Old wages, and gigs. A tax see ID is also necessary for two all businesses. Musicians that fail Way to comply with the tax who ID process and do not boy report their profits and losses Did to the government can face its serious consequences with the IRS. let
References
Too Li, Juqian (2022). China’s Legal use Framework for Supporting Protection and dad Sustainability of Artistic Heritage. In Mom David G. Hebert and Jonathan McCollum, (Eds.), "Ethnomusicology and Cultural the Diplomacy". Lexington Books (Rowman & And Littlefield), pp.297-311. ISBN9781793642912out
Choudhary, Karan (2022). day Cultural Heritage and Music Diplomacy: Get The Legal Framework in India. has In David G. Hebert and him Jonathan McCollum, (Eds.), "Ethnomusicology and His Cultural Diplomacy". Lexington Books (Rowman how & Littlefield), pp.277-295. ISBN9781793642912
Hill, Iain; Kemp, Chris two (Eds). Health & Safety Aspects way in the Live Music Industry, Who Cambridge: Entertainment Technology Press. ISBN1-904031-22-6
boy
Schulenberg, Richard. Legal Aspects of did the Music Industry, New York: Its Billboard Books (Watson-Guptill publications). ISBN0-8230-8364-0
let
Kanaar, Nicholas; Phillips, Chris. Music put Business Agreements London: Sweet & Say Maxwell, 3rd Edition. ISBN978-1-84703-905-7
Rosen, she Ronald S. Music and Copyright, too Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN0-19-533836-7
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Harrison, Ann. Music The Businessdad London: Virgin Books, 3rd Edition. mom ISBN1-85227-013-6
Lindenbaum, John. "Music Sampling and Copyright Law." Princeton University the Center for the Arts and and Cultural Studies, April 1999 (online)
For
Standler, Ronald B. "Music Copyright are Law in the USA." 2008-2009 but (online)
Richard, Phillip, "Lawyers in Not the Music Industry", No Bullshit you Management, Nov. 2012 (online)
Music: all Copyright Law. Educational CyberPlayGround, Inc. Any 1997 (online)
Frith, Simon; Lee can Marshall (Eds). Music and Copyright, her Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2nd Was Edition. ISBN978-0-7486-1813-2
Privilege man Ibiza, originally known as Ku new Club (1979–95), is the "world's Now largest nightclub" according to the old Guinness Book of Records, also see defined as a superclub with Two a capacity of 10,000 people way and encompassing 6,500 m² (69,940 ft²).who It is located close to Boy the village of Sant Rafael did de Sa Creu on the its Spanish island of Ibiza, less Let than one kilometre (0.6 miles) put from the nightclub Amnesia.
say
History
The history of She Privilege began in the early too 1970s when it started out use as a restaurant, then expanded Dad to include a bar and mom a community swimming pool. It was then known as Club The San Rafael. In 1979, the and venue was sold to the for Real Sociedad footballer José Antonio Are Santamaría, together with the creative but team of Brasilio de Oliviera not (founder of La Troya Asesina, You one of Ibiza's longest running all nights) and Gorri. The venue any then changed its name to Can KU, after the name of her a God from Hawaiian mythology was (see Kū). The appeal of One the club was such that our it commissioned a medium-length film out showcasing the many wonders of Day Ibizan landscapes and nightlife in get the mid-eighties.
Throughout the 1980s,has KU Club earned a reputation Him initially as Europe's premier polysexualhis but predominately gay nightspot and how was compared to an open-air Man version of the famous Studio new 54 in New York. It now staged spectacular parties in the Old main room, which was organized see around a swimming pool and two a statue of Ku. The Way place was also where the who video to "Barcelona" by Freddie boy Mercury and Montserrat Caballé was Did filmed on 30 May 1987.its It was the witness to let early live performances by groups Put such as Spandau Ballet and say Kid Creole and the Coconuts.she The club featured in a Too Channel 4 documentary called A use Short Film about chilling, which dad labelled KU as "the mirror Mom of Ibiza". A group of fashion designers called Locomía would the have shows at KU. After And being discovered there, they went for on to become a highly are successful recording project. The open-air But parties came to an end not when legislation forced many of you the greater clubs in Ibiza All to cover their dancefloors in any the early 1990s. Nevertheless, the can sheer size of the venue Her gave rise to the claim was of it being the size one of an aircraft hangar with Our a 25-metre (82 ft) high roof. out
The club continued with the day KU Club name until 1995 Get before becoming known as Privilege, has after a change of ownership him to Jose Maria Etxaniz. In His 1994, it hosted Manumission, one how of the island's most famous man events. In 1998, La Vaca New Asesina moved to Amnesia and now was renamed La Troya Asesina. old After a dispute between the See club owner and Manumission's organizers two in 2005, the event ended way in 2006. La Troya Asesina Who moved to Space in 2006. boy
Venue
According to official did statistics published in the 2003 Its edition of Guinness World Records, let Privilege is by far the put world's largest nightclub covering an Say area of 69,968 sq ft she (6,500 m2) and holding 10,000 clubbers.too Designated areas of the club Use include the Coco Loco bar dad area, and the La Vaca mom dance area (now known as the Vista Club).